Strengthening Blood Supply Chain Performance and Transfusion Safety through Blockchain and IoT Integration
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47654/v30y2026i4p292-322Keywords:
Population health metrics, blood donation management, blockchain, Internet of Things, cold-chain monitoring, health system performanceJEL Classifications:
I11, I18, L86, L91, O33Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to address key challenges in blood donation systems, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, by proposing a scalable framework to ensure safe, efficient, and equitable blood supply management while improving traceability and reducing preventable health risks.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A population-scale framework integrating blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT)–based monitoring, and Interplanetary File System (IPFS) storage is proposed. IoT sensors continuously monitor environmental conditions, while blockchain smart contracts enable secure donor verification, automated consent management, and immutable logging. Large datasets are stored off-chain using IPFS, with cryptographic hashes maintained on-chain. The system was evaluated using public datasets and simulated workflows.
Findings: Results show donor eligibility accuracy above 96%, stable throughput of 77–80 transactions per second, and reliable cold-chain compliance with a Blood Storage Quality Index of 0.98. The framework outperforms traditional systems in scalability and transparency. The study is limited by simulation-based validation and requires future real-world deployment.
Practical and Social Implications: The system improves blood safety, reduces wastage, enhances trust, and supports better healthcare delivery.
Originality/Value: This work offers a novel integration of blockchain, IoT, and IPFS for scalable, transparent blood supply management.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Rana Hassam Ahmed, Muhammad Imran, Naseer Ahmad, Muhammad Danish Rasheed (Author); Amirmohammad Delshadi (Corresponding Author); Younus Khan, Muhammad Akram, Waleed Khan (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
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